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In 2023, LaGuardia was the third-busiest airport in the New York metropolitan area, following Kennedy and Newark airports, and ranked as the 19th-busiest in the United States by passenger volume. The airport is situated directly north of the Grand Central Parkway, its main access highway. Serving as a hub for both American Airlines and Delta Air Lines, LaGuardia operates under unique regulations, including a curfew, a slot system, and a “perimeter rule” that restricts most non-stop flights to destinations more than 1,500 miles (2,400 km) away.

Prior to human development, the coastlines of Bowery Bay and Flushing Bay converged at a natural point that comprised the eventual northern shoreline of Newtown, Queens. By 1857 the area partially contained the estate of Benjamin Pike Jr., which was soon purchased and consolidated with other property by William Steinway.[8] In June 1886, Steinway opened a summer resort development known as Bowery Bay Beach on the peninsula. Originally featuring a bathing pavilion, beach, lawns, and boathouse, the resort was renamed North Beach and later expanded with the addition of Gala Amusement Park.[9][10] By the turn of the century, North Beach’s German-influenced development drew comparisons to Brooklyn’s Coney Island. Its fortunes would soon turn, however, as Prohibition in the United States and war-related anti-German sentiment presented significant challenges to the resort’s profitability. These factors, combined with increased industrialization and pollution of the Queens waterfront, made the area untenable as a leisure destination, and it was abandoned at some point in the 1920s.
In April 1929, New York Air Terminals, Inc. announced plans to open a private seaplane base at North Beach later that summer. The 200-acre (81 ha) facility was inaugurated on June 15, initially featuring a 2-acre (0.81 ha) concrete plateau connected to the water by a 400 ft (120 m) amphibious aircraft ramp, with the former resort converted into a passenger terminal. Opening-day festivities were attended by a crowd of 5,000 and included Air Races with Curtiss Seagulls and Sikorsky flying boats, a dedication address by Borough President George U. Harvey, and the commencement of airline service to Albany and Atlantic City by Coastal Airways and Curtiss Flying Service. One month later, service to Boston was launched using Savoia-Marchetti S.55 aircraft operated by Airvia.
By 1930, the airport had been improved with hangars and night-illuminated runways, and it housed seaplanes of the recently reorganized New York City Police Department Aviation Unit. On September 23, the site was renamed Glenn H. Curtiss Airport in honor of the New York aviation pioneer who had died one month earlier (not to be confused with the preexisting Curtiss Field in nearby Garden City or a similarly renamed airport in Valley Stream). During a ceremony that same day, representatives from the forerunner to Trans World Airlines announced their bid to establish the nation’s first transcontinental airmail route to the airport using Ford Trimotors. Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles Lindbergh were in attendance.
The 1934 election of Mayor Fiorello La Guardia ushered in a new era of public investment in New York City’s airports. La Guardia, a long-time aviation advocate, had criticized both federal and state governments’ slow progress in establishing municipal airports in the city in a 1927 editorial penned while serving as a US Representative of New York. Although several potential sites had been identified, La Guardia primarily pushed for the transformation of Governors Island into a combined airport and seaplane base. He described it as a teeming transportation hub at the city’s extreme center, stating, “No greater monument to the life and activity of the Republic can be imagined.” However, military and shipping concerns eventually shut down the proposal. Despite this, La Guardia and industry leaders maintained that New York City needed a central “express” airport to complement the farther-flung Floyd Bennett Field, which had been completed in 1930.
LaGuardia Airport
The initiative to develop the airport for commercial flights began with an outburst by New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia (in office from 1934 to 1945). Upon the arrival of his TWA flight at Newark Airport—the only commercial airport serving the New York City region at the time—La Guardia, whose ticket said “New York,” demanded to be taken to New York. He ordered the plane to be flown to Brooklyn’s Floyd Bennett Field and gave an impromptu press conference to reporters along the way, urging New Yorkers to support a new airport within their city.
American Airlines accepted La Guardia’s offer to start a trial program of scheduled flights to Floyd Bennett Field, but the program failed after several months because Newark’s airport was closer to Manhattan. La Guardia even offered police escorts to airport limousines in an attempt to persuade American Airlines to continue operating the trial program.
During the Floyd Bennett experiment, La Guardia and American Airlines executives began planning a new airport in Queens to take advantage of the new Queens–Midtown Tunnel to Manhattan. The existing North Beach Airport was an obvious location but too small for the planned airport. With backing from the Works Progress Administration, construction began in 1937 on the waterfront of Flushing and Bowery Bays in East Elmhurst, bordering Astoria and Jackson Heights. Building on the site required moving landfill from Rikers Island, then a garbage dump, onto a metal reinforcing framework. This framework still causes magnetic interference with the compasses of outgoing aircraft, and signs on the airfield warn pilots about the problem.
Due to American’s pivotal role in the airport’s development, La Guardia gave the airline extra real estate during the airport’s first year of operation, including four hangars, an unprecedented amount of space at the time. In 1939, American opened its first Admirals Club, the world’s first private airline club, at the airport. The club took over a large office space previously reserved for the mayor, but following press criticism, La Guardia offered it for lease, and American vice president Red Mosier immediately accepted the offer.
Redevelopment
In April 2010, Port Authority director Christopher Ward announced that the agency had hired consultants to explore a complete demolition and rebuilding of LaGuardia’s Central Terminal. The project aimed to create a unified, modern, and efficient airport, replacing the amalgam of decades-old additions and modifications. Estimated to cost $2.4 billion, the plan included demolishing the existing central terminal building, its four concourses, garage, Hangar 1, and frontage roads; constructing temporary facilities; and designing and building a new central terminal building. The reconstruction would be staged in phases to maintain operations throughout the project.
Proposals were due on January 31, 2012. Patrick Foye, executive director of the Port Authority, commented, “It’s got a quaint, nostalgic but unacceptable kind of 1940s, 1950s feel that’s just not acceptable.” The Port Authority sought a private company to develop and operate the replacement terminal with private funds, similar to Delta’s operation of the other terminals at the airport. However, in January 2014, Governor Andrew Cuomo announced that the state would oversee the construction of the long-stalled new terminal project instead of the proposed public-private partnership.
On July 27, 2015, Governor Cuomo, joined by then-Vice President Joe Biden, announced a $4 billion plan to rebuild the terminals as one contiguous building with terminal bridges connecting the structures. Airport officials and planners concluded that the airport essentially had to be torn down and rebuilt.

Service Restrictions
International Flights
LaGuardia Airport does not have U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) facilities. Consequently, international arrivals are only possible from airports with United States border preclearance. Passengers and crew on these flights clear customs at their departure airport and—for immigration purposes—are considered to be on U.S. territory during their entire journey, allowing them to exit LaGuardia in the same manner as domestic travelers.
Curfew and Perimeter Rule
To mitigate aircraft noise pollution and facilitate airfield maintenance, a seasonal curfew traditionally exists between 12 am and 6 am during the warm months. Additionally, a 1984 “perimeter rule” implemented by PANYNJ bars airline flights to and from points farther than 1,500 miles (2,400 km), except on Saturdays or to Denver, Colorado. With long-haul operations generally requiring heavier fuel loads and larger aircraft, the regulation aims to reduce the excess perceived noise generated by such flights. Changes to the perimeter rule were considered as recently as 2015, but a New York State Senate bill introduced in 2021 aimed to codify the rule into law.
Slot System
As one of the United States’ most dense and congested Class B airports, LaGuardia’s IFR operations are governed by an FAA slot system. Operators are granted time-sensitive individual takeoff and landing rights in accordance with the International Air Transport Association’s Worldwide Airport Slot Guidelines (WASG). In 2020, the FAA responded to drastic reductions in air traffic caused by the COVID-19 pandemic by suspending the expiration of unused slots at several U.S. airports.

LaGuardia Airport comprises three active terminals: A, B, and C, boasting a total of 72 gates. These terminals are interconnected by buses and walkways. The signage throughout the terminals was designed by Paul Mijksenaar. Similar to other Port Authority airports, some terminals at LaGuardia are managed and maintained by airlines themselves. Terminal B was previously under direct Port Authority operation; however, in 2016, its operation was transferred to a private company, LaGuardia Gateway Partners.
LaGuardia is currently undergoing a multi-billion dollar redesign, resulting in the construction of a new Terminal B and the reconfiguration of Terminal C (which now encompasses the former Terminals C and D). Terminal A remains largely unchanged, aside from minor updates. The revamped layout includes new gate concourses. The new Terminal B features two gate concourses: the Western Concourse (Gates 11–31) and the Eastern Concourse (Gates 40–59). Terminal C, on the other hand, boasts four gate concourses (numbered 61–69, 71–79, 82–89, and 92–98).
Terminal A
Terminal A, known as the Marine Air Terminal (MAT), was the airport’s original terminal for overseas flights. Designed to serve the fleet of flying boats, or Clippers, of Pan American Airways, America’s main international airline throughout the 1930s and 1940s, this waterfront terminal played a pivotal role in early aviation history. When a Clipper landed in Long Island Sound, it taxied to a dock where passengers could disembark into the terminal. However, with the development of new four-engine land planes during World War II, flying boats ceased carrying scheduled passengers out of New York after 1947. The last Pan American flight departed from the terminal in February 1952, bound for Bermuda.
Inside the terminal hangs “Flight,” a mural measuring 12 ft (3.7 m) in height and 237 ft (72 m) in length. It stands as the largest mural created as part of the Great Depression–era Works Progress Administration (WPA). Completed by James Brooks in 1942, “Flight” depicts the history of humanity’s involvement with flight. However, the mural was painted over without explanation by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in the 1950s, possibly due to perceived left-wing symbolism. Following an extensive restoration project led by aviation historian Geoffrey Arend, the mural was rededicated in 1980.
Terminal B
Terminal B serves numerous airlines and functions as a major hub for American Airlines. In 2017, construction commenced on the first of two new concourses, replacing the old A, B, C, and D concourses. The design of the new terminal was overseen by Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum.
Terminal C
The new Terminal C, designed by Corgan, was inaugurated on June 4, 2022, and connects to four concourses serving Delta Air Lines. Two of these concourses, E and G, are newly constructed, while the other two, D and F, are part of the original Terminal C and D and will remain in use until the new concourses are completed. Although the old Terminal C and Terminal D buildings are still active, the ticketing and baggage operations of these gates have been consolidated into the new Terminal C. Upon completion, the new Terminal C will offer access to 37 gates across its four concourses. Additionally, the new Terminal C features a Delta Sky Club, which is the airline’s largest.
Former terminals
Terminal B (1964–2022)
The Central Terminal Building (CTB) was originally six blocks long and consisted of a four-story central section, two three-story wings, and four concourses (A, B, C, and D) with 40 aircraft gates. The $36 million facilities, designed by Harrison and Abramovitz, were dedicated on April 17, 1964. However, Delta and US Airways departed from the CTB in 1983 and 1992, respectively, for their own dedicated terminals on the east side of the airport. In the 1990s, the Port Authority and various airlines carried out a $340 million improvement project to expand and renovate the existing space.
The terminal was eventually replaced by the new Terminal B, with the final gates (Concourse D) and terminal already demolished in early 2022.
Terminal C (1992–2022)
The original Terminal C, formerly known as the East End Terminal and USAir Terminal, was a 300,000 sq ft (28,000 m2) facility that opened on September 12, 1992, at a cost of $250 million. Designed by William Nicholas Bodouva + Associates Architects and Planners, it housed part of Delta’s operations at LaGuardia. However, on June 4, 2022, Terminal C’s check-in and baggage claim areas were closed.
The building was initially conceived in a 1989 agreement between the Port Authority and Texas Air Corporation (then-owner of Continental Airlines and Eastern Air Lines). However, when Eastern was forcibly bankrupted by Texas Air, its assets—including the new terminal’s leases—were transferred to Continental. Continental never moved in and instead sold the leases, along with most of its LaGuardia slots, to US Airways as part of a bankruptcy restructuring. Additionally, Trump Shuttle, successor to the Eastern Air Shuttle, also occupied the terminal before becoming US Airways Shuttle.
Terminal D (1983–2022)
Terminal D opened on June 19, 1983, at a cost of approximately $90 million and was designed by William Nicholas Bodouva + Associates Architects to accommodate Delta’s new Boeing 757 and Boeing 767 aircraft. This terminal also housed Northwest Airlines and Northwest Airlink from its opening in 1983 until the merger into Delta in 2009.
As of January 8, 2020, Delta Air Lines and Delta Connection operate out of the new Concourse G, which was connected to Terminal D. Terminal D was linked to Terminal C by a 600-foot walkway, which opened in early 2013 as part of Delta’s effort to establish a hub at LaGuardia. However, as of September 1, 2020, the walkway between Terminals C and D was demolished, and the construction of the new Concourse F is currently underway.
General aviation
Although there is no separate terminal building for general aviation aircraft, a pseudo-terminal is operated within the Marine Air Terminal (Terminal A), which is currently run by Modern Aviation. This pseudo-terminal provides full Fixed Base Operator (FBO) services to private and charter aircraft owners and pilots, including 100LL and Jet A fueling, computerized weather, flight planning, as well as pilot and passenger lounges.
Access to the General Aviation terminal requires an on-airport tenant to possess a SIDA (Security Identification Display Area) badge for unescorted access. Transient aircraft owners, pilots, and passengers must be escorted at all times into and out of the GA Terminal and to the ramp and hangar areas by the FBO staff.
Other facilities
When New York Air was in operation, its headquarters were located in Hangar 5 at LaGuardia.
Law enforcement and Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF) services are provided by the Port Authority Police Department (PAPD). The agency’s LaGuardia Airport Command, housed in Building 137, was completed in 2010. Emergency medical services are provided by North Shore University Hospital under contract to the Port Authority.

LaGuardia boasts three active terminals (A, B, and C) equipped with a total of 72 gates. These terminals are interconnected by buses and walkways for seamless passenger transit. Notably, the signage within the terminals was crafted by Paul Mijksenaar. Similar to other Port Authority airports, certain terminals at LaGuardia are overseen and upheld by the respective airlines. Initially, Terminal B fell under direct Port Authority operation. However, in 2016, Terminal B’s management was transferred to LaGuardia Gateway Partners, a private company.
Terminal A
known as the Marine Air Terminal (MAT), served as the airport’s original terminal for overseas flights. This waterfront terminal was specifically designed to accommodate the fleet of flying boats, known as Clippers, operated by Pan American Airways, the primary international airline in the 1930s and 1940s. When a Clipper landed in Long Island Sound, it would taxi to a dock where passengers could disembark directly into the terminal. However, with the development of new four-engine land planes during World War II, flying boats ceased carrying scheduled passengers out of New York after 1947. The last Pan American flight departed from the terminal in February 1952, bound for Bermuda.
Inside the terminal hangs “Flight,” a mural measuring 12 ft (3.7 m) in height and 237 ft (72 m) in length. This mural, created by James Brooks in 1942, stands as the largest mural produced as part of the Great Depression–era Works Progress Administration (WPA). However, the mural was inexplicably painted over by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey in the 1950s, possibly due to perceived left-wing symbolism. After an extensive restoration project led by aviation historian Geoffrey Arend, the mural was rededicated in 1980.
Terminal B
Terminal B serves numerous airlines and operates as a major hub for American Airlines. In 2017, construction commenced on the first of two new concourses, replacing the old A, B, C, and D concourses. The design of the new terminal was overseen by Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum.
In 2020, the new Terminal B headhouse was opened with a bridge connecting it to the completed Eastern Concourse. Subsequently, on January 27, 2022, a second bridge was completed, linking Terminal B’s headhouse to the Western Concourse. Finally, in 2022, the old Terminal B was demolished, marking a significant milestone in the airport’s redevelopment project.

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